Latitude (parallels) - Horizontal line
This is the angular
distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a point north or south of the
Equator.
Longitude (meridians) - Vertical line
This is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and
seconds, of a point east or west of the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian.
Distance between Lines
By dividing the circumference of the earth (apprx. 25,000
miles) by 360 degrees, the distance on the earth's surface for each one degree
of latitude or longitude is just over 69 miles (111 km).